22. Directions (22-31): Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions.
The system of “local welfare” schemes set up less than five years ago to provide emergency help to
England’s poorest families, often to help them cope with delays and sanctions to their benefits, is on the
(A) of collapse, say poverty campaigners. (B) A survey of more than 150 council-run schemes by Church
Action on Poverty found that nearly a quarter had been shutted down since 2013, while a further quarter have
reduced spending by 85% or more. More are expected to close in the next few months. (C) The destitution
(1) of local welfare would put tens of thousands of vulnerable (2) people at increased risk (3) of hunger,
debt and demise (4), the charity said. The system was designed to help people on low incomes deal with
unexpected hardship, (D):——————, or domestic crises such as broken boilers, house fires and
flooding. Huge cuts to council budgets have left the system, which replaced the old social fund, struggling
to survive. Provision is so uneven that thousands of people cannot access emergency help from the state,
Church Action on Poverty said. “Local authority welfare schemes are increasingly (E), leaving families in
many areas with nowhere to turn for help,” said the bishop of Manchester, David Walker. “It cannot be right
for central and local government to (F) abdicate responsibility for people in crisis when they need our
help most.” In many areas, the most common reason for an application for crisis support is delays or
sanctions to benefits, with some councils noting that the five-week minimum wait for a first universal
credit payment is an emerging factor in rising demand. Universal credit claimants facing hardship who
contact Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) helplines for help are routinely directed to local welfare
schemes in their areas if they do not qualify for official advance loans or hardship funds. Church leaders
and anti-poverty charities called on ministers to make local welfare provision a legal duty for top-tier
councils, and to provide ringfenced funding to protect crisis services. The 153 councils that responded to
the survey collectively reduced spending on local welfare by an average of 72% between 2013-2014 and 2017-
2018. (G) Local welfare provision replaced the discretionary social fund, which in its final year spent £240m
in crisis loans and community care grants. (H) It was going (1) to councils with DWP funding (2) in 2013
but that cash was stopped (3) in 2015, with councils left to decide whether to keep the schemes devolved
(4). Huge budget pressures faced by councils mean even authorities that have protected local welfare in
the past are proposing drastic cuts. West Sussex county council recently unveiled plans for an 80%
reduction in its £800,000 crisis fund from next April. (I) Local welfare has been controversially as most
councils refuse to give cash payments to clients in crisis, choosing instead to offer supermarket food vouchers
or refer them to food banks. In one case, Isle of Wight council offered a 62-year-old homeless woman a
voucher to buy a tent. Only two English councils – Islington in north London and North Tyneside in the
north-east – had higher local welfare budget cash totals year compared with 2013, by 12% and 4%
respectively. Niall Cooper, the director of Church Action on Poverty, said: “The (J) …………… of the social
fund was that people could stay afloat and hopefully ride out a crisis, rather than sinking deeper into
poverty. A lifeline in times of emergency is a vital part of a compassionate society, but it has been
withdrawn in many places and neglected almost everywhere.”
Q22. Which of the following word given in the options should
come at the place marked as (A) in the above paragraph to make
it grammatically correct and meaningful. Also, the word should
fill in the two sentences given below to make them contextually
correct and meaningful.
(i) She stood out of his way, barely able to care for a child and at a loss
as to what to do with a boy on the …………………. of becoming a
teenager.
(ii) He found the country on the …………………. of revolution; but the
wisdom of the new monarch saved the situation and won back the
Magyars.